ABSTRACT
Electropolarity treatment (0.8V/DC/Cm) was given to the gastrocnemius muscle of B. melanostictus every day for 5 min for 5 days. The glycogen content and aldolase activity levels increased and phosphorylase 'a' activity levels decreased on cathode treatment in muscle, liver and brain while an opposed trend was observed on anode treatment. The heart showed contrasting pattern under both cathode and anode electropolarity treatments.
Subject(s)
Animals , Brain/metabolism , Bufonidae , Electric Stimulation , Glycogen/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Muscles/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolismSubject(s)
Animals , Bufonidae , Electric Stimulation Therapy , Electrodes , Muscle Proteins/metabolism , Muscles/metabolismABSTRACT
Denervated dog gastrocnemius muscle has shown a progressive decrease in total protein content, alanine aminotransferase (AIAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity levels and elevation in free amino acid, ammonia, urea, glutamine contents and AMP deaminase activity levels during post-neurectemic days. The possible implications of these findings are discussed in relation to denervation atrophy.
Subject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/metabolism , Amino Acids/metabolism , Ammonia/metabolism , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism , Dogs , Glutamate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Muscle Denervation , Muscle Proteins/metabolism , Muscles/metabolism , Muscular Atrophy/metabolism , Urea/metabolismABSTRACT
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and the transaminases namely aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) and alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) were estimated in the muscle, liver, kidney, and brain of control and ammonium acetate administered frogs. The results indicated tissue specific responses during induced ammonotoxemia. The inherent endogenous ammonia production decreased in all the tissues. 2-Keto glutarate production appears to be the other main adaptive feature as a result of slightly stepped up transdeamination patterns.
Subject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/analysis , Ammonia/metabolism , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/analysis , Glutamate Dehydrogenase/analysis , Glutamine/analysis , RanidaeABSTRACT
In the sheep medulla oblongata, on the induction of polarity by the applied voltage gradient of direct current along the length, the enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase and glutamate dehydrogenase showed anodal transport while the enzyme arginase showed cathodal transport indicating the possession of negative and positive charge densities on the enzymes. These studies indicated that the glutamate bound metabolism, one towards ammonia formation and the other towards the energy production and neural transmission, have opposed electro-characteristics. The acetylcholinesterase system had anodal characteristics coupled to the glutamate dehydrogenase patterns. The existence of two charge based compartmentation is envisaged in the neural tissue.
Subject(s)
Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Animals , Arginase/metabolism , Axonal Transport , Electric Stimulation , Electrophysiology , Glutamate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Medulla Oblongata/physiology , Sheep/physiology , Synaptic TransmissionABSTRACT
Different ammonia toxicity induced by ammonium acetate administration in frogs lead to variable excretion of ammonia and urea into the medium. When 11.45 mM/kg body weight of ammonium acetate was administered, ammonia excretion increased while urea excretion decreased. When 4.17 mM/kg body weight of ammonium acetate is administered, the urea excretion increased while ammonia excretion decreased. The possible metabolic conversion of ammonia and urea by the animal at high and low ammonium acetate administration has been discussed.